8-14 Muscle Energy Technique (MET) Among the most common diseases in muscle are the muscular dystrophies, in which the newly identified muscle protein dystrophin is either absent or present at less than normal amounts in both Duchenne and Becker's muscular dystrophy." (Pearson,1993). Integrative Manual Therapists and other Complementary Medicine practitioners work all the time with muscle dysfunctions, strains, joint sprains, arthritis, myofascial tension but can they change the outcome in genetically based musculoskeletal disorders? Find out what the research is saying in this issue of The Burnham Review...........Buy This Issue Today
"Other major diseases of muscle include the inflammatory myopathies and neuropathies. Atrophy and hypertrophy of muscle and the relationship of aging, exercise, and fatigue all add to our understanding of the behavior of normal and abnormal muscle.
Some other interesting related diseases and disorders of muscle include myasthenia gravis, muscular dysgenesis, and myclonus.
Disorders of energy metabolism include those caused by abnormal glycolysis (Von Gierke's, Pompe's, Cori-Forbes, Andersen's, McArdle's, Hers', and Tauri's diseases) and by the acquired diseases of glycolysis (disorders of mitochondrial oxidation). Still other diseases associated with abnormal energy metabolism include lipid-related disorders (carnitine and carnitine palmitoyl-transferase deficiencies) and myotonic syndromes (myotonia congenita, paramyotonia congenita, hypokalemic and hyperkalemic periodic paralysis, and malignant hyperexia)
Diseases of the connective tissues include those of nutritional origin (scurvy, lathyrism, starvation, and protein deficiency), the genetic diseases (dermatosparaxis, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, osteogenesis imperfecta, Marfan syndrome, homocystinuria, alcaptonuria, epidermolysis bullosa, rheumatoid arthritis in humans, polyarthritis in swine, Aleutian disease of mink, and the several types of systemic lupus erythematosus) and the acquired diseases of connective tissues (abnormal calcification, systemic sclerosis, interstitial lung disease, hepatic fibrosis, and carcinomas of the connective tissues)."1 (Pearson,1993).
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Muscle Energy Technique This month's issues of The Burnham Review covers the musculoskeletal system. Muscle Energy is a technique originally used by osteopaths, now more widely used by Physical Therapists, Integrative Manual Therapist, Chiropractors and other CAM practitioner's working with hands-on approaches. My favorite references for this issue come from David Kohns, OMSIII, PT, CSCS 1. Kohns, D. (2008). "Muscle Energy Technique." Resource Manual Medicine: [Full Text] http://manualmedicine.blogspot.com /. 2. Osteopathic Health and Wellness Institute, (2008) 1000 years of osteopathy: Fred Mitchell Sr DO - Interview [Full Audio] http://www.osteopathy1000.org/fred_mitchell/fred_mitchell.htm 3. Osteopathic Health and Wellness Institute (OHWI), (2008) Muscle Energy Technique Power Point [Full Text] http://manualmedicinemuscleenergytechnique.blogspot.com/2008_01_01_archive.html 4. An Overview of Muscle Energy Concepts as Applied to Lumbar Spine Dysfunction - Sayers John Miller, PhD, PT, ATC 5. Lumbar Spine Pain in Athletics - NATA Continuing Education [Full Audio] http://206.211.148.195/muscleenergy/miller/miller_main.html 6. NATA Research and Education Foundation (2000) Lumbar spine pain in athelets. 2000 District Lecture Series [Full Audio Visual] http://www.csuchico.edu/~sbarker/spine/ 7. Reviews/Trails/Studies: J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2003 Sep;33(9):502-12. Muscle energy technique in patients with acute low back pain: a pilot clinical trial. [PubMed Abstract] 8. Fryer G. (2000) Muscle energy concepts - a need for change. Journal of Osteopathic Medicine. 2000;3(2):54-59. [Full Text] http://eprints.vu.edu.au/archive/00000501/01/Muscle_energy_concepts._A_need_for_change.pdf and other references [Full Text] http://manualmedicinemuscleenergytechnique.blogspot.com/2008_01_01_archive.html
Highlighted References
PubMed Abstracts http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Medline Plus http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus
General References
1. MassageTherapy (2007). "Muscle Energy." Glossary of Massage and Bodywork Techniques from www.massagetherapy.com/glossary/index.php.
2. CAT (2007). "College of Acupuncture: Therapeutic Definitions." from www.collegeofacupuncture.com/theraDefinition.html.
3. DeWine, J. (2007). "Muscle Energy Technique, Harmony Centre." from http://harmonycentre.org/met.html.
4. Amin, R. (2006). "Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment: What is the Muscle energy technique?" [Full Text] www.studentdoctor.net/blogs/omtguru/2006/12/osteopathic-manipulativetreatment-what.html
5. Burns, D. K. and M. R. Wells (2006). "Gross range of motion in the cervical spine: the effects of osteopathic muscle energy technique in asymptomatic subjects." J Am Osteopath Assoc 106(3): 137-42. [Full Text] www.jaoa.org/cgi/content/full/106/3/137
6. Such G., Upper cervical synthesis: Integrative manual care of the occipitoatlantal joint. Chiropractic Technique, August 99, vol. 11, #3.
7. Heller, M. (2001). "The upper cervical spine--the occiput." The Dynamic Chiropractic [Full Text]http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3987/is_200112/ai_n9017388/pg_3.e ; www.chiroweb.corn, and www.DrMarcHeller.com
8. Mitchell FL. The Muscle Energy Manual, vol. 1, MET press, 1995.
9. Rex L. Introduction of muscle energy techniques, Edmonds, WA, Ursa Foundation; 1996, p. 244-249.
10. Greenman P. Principles of Manual Medicine, 2nd edition. Williams and Wilkins, 1996.
11. Chauffour P. Lien-Mechanique (Mechanical Link), 1986. Mechanical Link classes, 1-4, 19972001. Paul Chauffour (through Upledger Institute).
12. Hayden, R. (2005). "Foundations for Integrative Musculoskeletal Medicine, An East-West Approach, by Alon Marcus." A Review, originally published in North American Journal of Oriental Medicine, July: from http://jabinet.net/marcus.html.
13. Goodridge, J. P. (1981). "Muscle energy technique: definition, explanation, methods of procedure." J Am Osteopath Assoc 81(4): 249-54.
14. Mitchell, F. L. and P. K. G. Mitchell (1995). The muscle energy manual Volume One. East Lansing, Mich., MET Press.
15. Mitchell, F. L. and P. K. G. Mitchell (1995). The muscle energy manual Volume Two. East Lansing, Mich., MET Press.
16. Mitchell, F. L. and P. K. G. Mitchell (1995). The muscle energy manual Volume Three. East Lansing, MI, MET Press.
17. Janiak (2001). "Review of sacral somatic dysfunction." The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association (AOA), A Publication of the American Academy of Osteopathy Spr;11(1):18-23: from http://ostmed.hsc.unt.edu
18. Simmons,S (2002). Alternate Terminology Sacral Somatic Dysfunction. [Full Text] http://pages.prodigy.net/stn1/Alternate%20Terms.pdf and http://pages.prodigy.net/stn1/Cram%20Pages.pdf
19. Song, S. (2000). "A practitioner survey of osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) techniques for specific body regions." JAOA: The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association The AAO Journal: A Publication of the American Academy of Osteopathy Win;10(4):17-21, 36: [Full Text] http://ostmed.hsc.unt.edu
20. Ray, A. M., J. E. Cohen, et al. (2004). "Osteopathic emergency physician training and use of osteopathic manipulative treatment." J Am Osteopath Assoc 104(1): 15-21.
21. Vanderbilt, S. (2004). "Alternative Therapies and Multiple Sclerosis Searching for Comfort." Massage &Bodywork magazine Associated Bodywork and Massage Professionals(August/September).
22. Grimshaw, D. N. (2001). "Cervicogenic headache: manual and manipulative therapies." Curr Pain Headache Rep 5(4): 369-75.
23. Luckenbill-Edds, L. and G. B. Bechill (1995). "Nerve compression syndromes as models for research on osteopathic manipulative treatment." J Am Osteopath Assoc 95(5): 319-26.
24. Lancaster, D. G. and W. T. Crow (2006). "Osteopathic manipulative treatment of a 26-yearold woman with Bell's palsy." J Am Osteopath Assoc 106(5): 285-9.
25. Wilson, E., O. Payton, et al. (2003). "Muscle energy technique in patients with acute low back pain: a pilot clinical trial." J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 33(9): 502-12 [Full Text] www.rmuohp.edu/forms/Muscle%20Energy%20JOSPT%2003.pdf.
26. Schenk, R. J., A. MacDiarmid, et al. (1997). "The Effects of Muscle Energy Technique on Lumbar Range of Motion." The Journal of Manual & Manipulative Therapy Vol. 5 No. 4 (1997), 179 - 183 [Full Text] http://jmmtonline.com/past/vol5no4.php.
27. Ballantyne, F., G. Fryer, et al. (2003). "The Effect of Muscle Energy Technique on Hamstring Extensibility: The Mechanism of Altered Flexibility." Journal of Osteopathic Medicine. 6 (2). pp.59 to 63: from Victoria University Eprints Repository [Full Text] http://eprints.vu.edu.au/archive/00000495/ and http://eprints.vu.edu.au/archive/00000503/.
28. Douglas, D. (2005). "The Delicate Dance An intricate symphony keeps pelvic physiology in tune." Advance for Directors in Rehabilitation January 01, Vol. 14 •Issue 1 • Page 35 [Full Text] http://rehabilitationdirector.advanceweb.com/common/EditorialSearch/printerfriendly.aspx?AN=DR_05jan1_drp35.html&AD=01-01-2005).
29. Rosenberg, D. C. and D. D. Aiello (2003). "Prosthetic fitting for a patient with a traumatic above-knee amputation complicated by sacroiliac joint dysfunction: A case report." Arch Phys Med Rehabil 84(9): E31-E32.
30. Houglum, P. A. (2000). Therapeutic exercise for athletic injuries. Champaign, IL, Human Kinetics.
31. Denegar, C. R. (2000). Therapeutic modalities for athletic injuries. Champaign, IL, Human Kinetics.
32. Woerman, A. L. (1989). Evaluation and treatment of dysfunction in the lumbar-pelvic-hip complex. Orthopaedic physical therapy (pp. 403-483). R. D. M. J. Wooden. New York, Churchill-Livingstone.
33. Holt, J. (2004). "Manual Therapy and Athletic Injury Rehabilitation: Benefits of a Class of Therapy." The Sport Supplement, A Supplement of the Sports Journal Volume 12, Number 3: Summer [Full Text] www.thesportjournal.org/sport-supplement/vol12no3/03manual_therapy.asp and www.friidrott.se/veteran/dokument/dunton/2004/trainin32.html).
34. American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (1991). Athletic training and sports medicine (2nd ed.). Rosemont, IL, American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons.
35. Denegar, C. R. (2000). Therapeutic modalities for athletic injuries. Champaign, IL, Human Kinetics.
36. Lunn, L. (2001). Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: A clinical profile. [Full Text] www.centerimt.com/e-journal/articles/ej00021.htm
37. Holt, J. (2004). "Manual Therapy and Athletic Injury Rehabilitation: Benefits of a Class of Therapy." The Sport Supplement, A Supplement of the Sports Journal Volume 12, Number 3: Summer(from www.thesportjournal.org/sport-supplement/vol12no3/03manual_therapy.asp and www.friidrott.se/veteran/dokument/dunton/2004/trainin32.html).
38. Center for Integrative Manual Therapy and Diagnostics, www.CenterIMT.com
39. Endermologie from www.endermologie.com
40. Endermologie for Fibromyalgia. from www.spanewbury.com/enderstudy.htm.
41. Visceral Mobilization with Muscle Energy and "Beyond" Technique: Focus on the Gastrointestinal Tract (A Lab Course), Tom Giammatteo, D.C., P.T., Instructor; Sharon Weiselfish-Giammatteo, Ph.D., P.T., Instructor, April 23-25, 1999. And Disruption of Membrane (DOM) Video [Available] www.CenterIMT.com
42. Weiselfish-Giammatteo, Ph.D., P.T., Sharon, Intensive tutorial & Connecticut School of Integrative Manual Therapy, 2000. from www.CenterIMT.com
43. Wheeler, L. (2004). "Advanced Strain Counterstrain." Massage Therapy Journal 43 Winter(4): [Full Text] www.amtamassage.org/journal/winter05_journal/mtjWinter05.html.
44. Visceral Mobilization with Muscle Energy and "Beyond" Technique: focus on the Gastrointestinal Tract (A Lab Course), Tom Giammatteo, D.C., P.T., Sharon Weiselfish- Giammatteo, Ph.D., P.T., Instructors, April 1999. www.CenterIMT.com
45. Weiselfish-Giammatteo, Ph.D., P.T., Sharon, Intensive tutorial, 2000.
46. Hruby, R. J. and K. N. Hoffman (2007). "Avian influenza: an osteopathic component to treatment." Osteopath Med Prim Care 1: 10 [Full Text] www.om-pc.com/content/1/1/10.
47. Weiselfish-Giammatteo, S. Muscle Energy Technique for Pelvis CD. from www.centerimt.com/Products/cds.asp . Bloomfield, CT, Dialogues in Contemporary Rehabilitation.
48. Weiselfish-Giammatteo, S. Muscle Energy Techniques and Beyond: Treatment of Type II Dysfunction of the Upper Extremity Joints 55:30 Minutes WE-V11. from www.centerimt.com/Products/videos.asp. Bloomfield, CT, Northeast Seminars Videos.
49. Weiselfish-Giammatteo, S. Muscle Energy Techniques and Beyond: Treatment of Type II Dysfunction of the Lower Extremity Joints 51:20 Minutes WE-V10. from www.centerimt.com/Products/videos.asp . Bloomfield, CT, Northeast Seminars Videos.
50. Weiselfish-Giammatteo, S. A Patient in Process: The Effects of Integrative Manual Therapy on Pain and Disability WE-V8. from www.centerimt.com/Products/videos.asp. Bloomfield, CT, Northeast Seminars Videos.
51.Weiselfish-Giammatteo, S. Muscle Energy Techniques to Correct Biomechanical Dysfunction of the Cervical, Thoracic & Lumbar Spine (part II) 43:00 Minutes WE-V4. from www.centerimt.com/Products/videos.asp . Bloomfield, CT, Northeast Seminars Videos.
52. Weiselfish-Giammatteo, S. Muscle Energy Techniques to Correct Biomechanical Dysfunction of the Cervical, Thoracic & Lumbar Spine (part I) 45:00 Minutes WE-V3. from www.centerimt.com/Products/videos.asp. Bloomfield, CT, Northeast Seminars Videos.
53. Weiselfish-Giammatteo, S. Muscle Energy Techniques to Correct Biomechanical Dysfunction of the Sacrum (Sacroiliac Joints and Lumbosacral Junction) 60:00 Minutes WE-V2. from www.centerimt.com/Products/videos.asp. Bloomfield, CT, Northeast Seminars Videos.
54. Weiselfish-Giammatteo, S. Muscle Energy Techniques to Correct Dysfunction of the Pelvis Region (Pubes & Iliosacral Joint) 45:40 Minutes WE-V1. from www.centerimt.com/Products/videos.asp . Northeast Seminars Videos.
55. Koch, T. S. and L. Lunn (2004). "The Treatment of a Client Diagnosed with Fibromyalgia Syndrome Utilizing Integrative Manual Therapy." Connecticut School of Integrative Manual Therapy e-Journal. [Full Text] www.centerimt.com/e-journal/articles/ej00010.htm.
56. Weiselfish-Giammatteo, S. and T. Giammatteo (2001). Integrative manual therapy, for the upper and lower extremities. volume II. Berkeley, Calif., North Atlantic Books.
57. Weiselfish-Giammatteo, S. and T. Giammatteo (2003). Integrative manual therapy for biomechanics: application of muscle energy and 'beyond' technique : treatment of the spine, ribs, and extremities. Berkeley, Calif., North Atlantic Books.
58. Giammatteo, S.W. (2000). "Integrative Manual Therapy: Focus on the Knee Joint." For Asia Fit.
59. Giammatteo, S. (2000). What is Integrative Manual Therapy and How Does it Relate to Knee Injuries: from http://www.centerimtboulder.com/sportsinjuries_article1.htm.
60. Wetzler, G. (2003). Integrative Manual Therapy, International Alliance of Animal Therapy and Healing. 2005 [Full Text] www.iaath.com/treatments/integrative.shtml
61. Lewit, K. (1991). Manipulative therapy in rehabilitation of the locomotor system. Oxford ; Boston, Butterworth Heinemann.
62. Chaitow, L. (2005). Cranial manipulation : theory and practice : osseous and soft tissue approaches. Edinburgh, Elsevier Churchill Livingstone. www.leonchaitow.com/muscle.htm
63. Lowe, W. (2003). Orthopedic massage : theory and technique. Edinburgh ; New York, Mosby.
64. Hegarty, R. "The Effects of Muscle Energy and ‘Beyond’ Techniques on Spinal Mobility." from www.centerimt.com/e-journal/articles/ej0002.htm.
65. Kempel, D. (2001). "A Sudden Onset of Sciatica: A Case Study." from www.centerimt.com/e-journal/articles/ej00023.htm .
66. Fryer G. (2000) Muscle energy concepts - a need for change. Journal of Osteopathic Medicine. 2000;3(2):54-59. [Full Text] http://eprints.vu.edu.au/archive/00000501/01/Muscle_energy_concepts._A_need_for_change.pdf and other refferences [Full Text] http://manualmedicinemuscleenergytechnique.blogspot.com/2008_01_01_archive.html